[9] He was acquitted. Bustamante became involved in many strikes in Jamaica during the 1930s. He was the second of five children of the Clarke family. Alexander Bustamante : biography. He began his political involvement by writing long, almost daily letters to the press, especially the venerable Daily Gleaner, the island's leading newspaper—then more than a century in continuous publication—and its smaller rival, The Jamaica Standard. Personality Bustamante travelled… They now had a majority over the official and nominated members. William Alexander Bustamante, perhaps Jamaica's most flamboyant and charismatic politician, was born William Alexander Clarke on February 24, 1884. While taking on the role of head of the BITU, he was also leader of government business. William Alexander BustamanteWilliam Alexander Bustamante (1884-1977) was a Jamaican labor leader who became Jamaica's first chief minister under limited self-government and the first prime minister after independence in 1962. [20] He was awarded an honorary LLD degree from the Fairfield University in 1963. NATIONAL HERO (1969) Legacy Shares with cousin Norman Washington Manley, the honour of being one of the two ‘Founding Fathers’ of Jamaica’s Independence, attained peacefully, August 6, 1962. Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p. 430. [19] Two days later, Bustamante retired, and Sangster became Jamaica's second prime minister. [12], Bustamante held this position until the JLP was defeated in 1955. He retired from active politics in 1967. Within four years the union represented more than 80 percent of all organized workers in Jamaica, mainly among the rural agricultural workers. House members were elected by adult suffrage from single-member electoral districts called constituencies. In the 1961 Federation membership referendum Jamaica voted 54% to leave the West Indies Federation. His parents were Robert Constantine Clarke, and wife Mary nee Wilson. He supported a notorious strike in Frome, Westmoreland, in 1937 where six people were killed and 89 were arrested. African Studies Review, vol. In 1937 he was elected as treasurer of the Jamaica Workers' Union (JWU), which had been founded by labour activist Allan G.S. He was interned briefly for this activity. On 10 April 1962, of the 45 seats up for contention in the 1962 Jamaican general election, the JLP won 26 seats and the PNP 19. In the same year he acted as a mediator in a strike at the Serge Island Estate in St. Thomas. Bustamante is honoured in Jamaica with the title National Hero of … The internment made a political martyr of Bustamante and enhanced the position of his union among the masses. The first general election under Universal Adult Suffrage came in 1944 and the JLP won 22 of the 32 seats. Campbell, Horace G. Coral Gardens 1963: The Rastafari and Jamaican Independence,Social and Economic Studies; Mona Vol. Excellent Norman Washington Manley, Kingston, Jamaica: Bustamante Institute of Public & International Affairs, 1989. In 1967 he retired from politics, having reduced his participation during the previous three years because of failing health. And indeed, it was through the efforts of the People's National Party, modeled after the British Labor Party, that Jamaica gained a new political status in 1944 with universal adult suffrage and an elected legislature with limited self-government. [23] In the same year, he was also awarded the Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Brilliant Star by the Republic of China. Hill, Frank, Bustamante and his letters, Kingston, Jamaica: Kingston Publishers, 1976. The JLP ended up with 14 seats, and there were no independents. Manley was appointed Jamaica's first premier on 14 August 1959. Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante GBE PC (born William Alexander Clarke; 24 February 1884 – 6 August 1977) was a Jamaican politician and labour leader, who, in 1962, became the first prime minister of Jamaica. Sir Alexander Bustamante was born on February 24, 1884 , the son of Robert Constantine Clarke, an Irish planter and Mary Clarke (nee Wilson) a Jamaican of mixed blood. The Right Excellent Sir William Alexander Bustamante, G.B.E., LL.D (Hon.) Sir Alexander Bustamante addressed a huge meeting at the corner of Duke and Harbour Streets. There he met Mildred Edith Blanck, the widow of an English consulting engineer, whom he married in the Kingston Parish Church on December 12, 1910, while on one of his short visits to the island. 5 pages. He died on August 6,1977, at the age of 93. (review)." His fourth wife was Gladys Longbridge, who he married on 7 September 1962, at the age of 78. The parties lobbied the colonial government for a further increase in constitutional powers for the elected government, and in June 1953 a new constitution provided for the appointment of a chief minister and seven other Ministers from the elected House of Representatives. The Jamaica to which Bustamante returned in 1934 was a cauldron of social and economic discontent. Frederic Gomes Cassidy, Robert Brock Le Page. This article has been rated as Start-Class . Source for information on William Alexander Bustamante: Encyclopedia of World Biography dictionary. A Jamaican candy, the Bustamante backbone, is named after him. On October 18, 1969 as per Government Notice 706 Jamaica Gazette, Bustamante was conferred with the Order of National Hero along with his cousin Norman Washington Manley. About Sir Alexander Bustamante. He had no children. Hamilton, B. L. St. John, Bustamante: anthology of a hero, Kingston, Jamaica: Produced for B. St. J. Hamilton by Publication & Productions, 1978. Bustamante is honoured in Jamaica with the title National Hero of Jamaica in recognition of his achievements. Bustamante travelled the world and worked in many different places. William Alexander Bustamante (1884-1977) was a Jamaican labor leader who became Jamaica's first chief minister under limited self-government and the first prime minister after independence in 1962. Bustamante had replaced Manley as premier between April and August, and on independence, he became Jamaica's first prime minister. She was a result of teenage pregnancy as both of her parents were teenagers when she was born. [30] It is a grated coconut and dark brown sugar confection flavored with fresh grated ginger, cooked to a hard consistency, "which is said to represent his firmness of character." The eventual release of Bustamante from prison derived from the unceasing efforts of Manley, who had earlier founded the People's National Party as the political instrument for forging a new nationalism in Jamaica. His father, Robert Constantine Clarke, a member of the declining white plantocracy, was the overseer of a small, mixed-crop plantation called Blenheim, in the parish of Hanover on the then-isolated northwestern coast of the island. The following year the Jamaican Parliament honored him by declaring him a national hero. An excellent balanced account is Alexander Bustamante and Modern Jamaica by George Eaton (1975). He attended elementary school in rural Hanover, once even in his mother's native village of Dalmally. More significantly, the party gained less popular votes than the opposition People's National Party. [2], William said that he took the surname Bustamante to honour a Spanish sea captain who he claims adopted him in his early years and took him to Spain where he was sent to school and later returned to Jamaica.[3]. He agitated for Jamaica to become independent of Great Britain. He founded the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union following the 1938 labour riots, and the Jamaican Labour Party in 1943. He was born as William Alexander Clarke to Mary Clarke (née Wilson), a woman of mixed race, and her second husband, Robert Constantine Clarke, the son of Robert Clarke, an Irish Catholic planter, in Blenheim, Hanover. Ranston, Jackie, From we were boys: the story of the magnificent cousins, the Rt. Page Views (PV) 53.88. A charismatic and impressive speaker, he used the media to criticize the prevailing political system and its attendant social problems. Although intelligent, he had little formal education beyond the elementary level in Jamaica and resisted the apprenticeship which would During Bustamante's internment Norman Manley and his followers rebuilt and expanded the organization of the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union. Furthermore, her mother had several police cases registered against her, such as theft and drug possession. SIR ALEXANDER BUSTAMANTE 1884-1977 Alexander Bustamante was an aggressive, outspoken young man who understood the dynamics of labor relations. 58 no. His father, Robert Constantine Clarke, a member of the declining white plantocracy, was the overseer of a small, mixed-crop plantation called Blenheim, in the parish of Hanover on the then-isolated northwestern coast of the island. Along with being head of the government, Bustamante served as mayor o… He established the vital link between the trade union base and the political party and made this combination the most effective instrument of political operation in Jamaica. 63, Iss. Along with his famous half-cousin Norman Washington Manley he became the dominant political figure in Jamaica until his retirement in the late 1960s. Previously he had belonged to the People's National Party (founded in 1938 by his first cousin Norman Manley). Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante was a Jamaican politician and labour leader who in 1962 became the first prime minister of Jamaica. Despite these changes, ultimate power remained concentrated in the hands of the governor and other high officials. by Deborah A. Thomas, John L. Jackson Jr. Gradually he became involved in the protest marches and other demonstrations of the urban masses. The Right Excellent Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante GBE (24 February 1884 – 6 August 1977) was a Jamaican politician and labour leader. Facebook geeft mensen de … In 1943 he founded the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), with himself as head. Of Bustamante's early life little is known. Copyright © 2020 LoveToKnow. [5] Under the new charter, the British governor, assisted by the six-member Privy Council and ten-member Executive Council, remained responsible solely to the Crown. In 1969, Bustamante became a Member of the Order of National Hero (ONH) in recognition of his achievements,[24] this along with Norman Manley, the black liberationist Marcus Garvey, and two leaders of the 1865 Morant Bay rebellion, Paul Bogle and George William Gordon. Historical Popularity Index (HPI) 18. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Bustamante&oldid=1015710654, Jamaican Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, All Wikipedia articles written in Jamaican English, Articles needing additional references from July 2009, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 April 2021, at 02:03. His father was a white Irish planter named Robert Constantine Clarke and his mother a black Jamaican worker named Mary Clarke (Nee Wilson). Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante GBE PC (born William Alexander Clarke; 24 February 1884 – 6 August 1977) was a Jamaican politician and labour leader, who, in 1962, became the first prime minister of Jamaica. The Alexander Bustamante Study Pack contains: Biographies (1) William Alexander Bustamante 1,357 words, approx. Michael Burke, "Norman Manley as premier". Most of this time was spent in Cuba, where he eventually gained employment in the security police of Presidents Alfredo Zayas and Gerardo Machado in the 1920s. The first general election under Universal Adult Suffrage came in 1944 and the JLP won 22 of the 32 seats. In the 1955 Jamaican general election, the PNP won for the first time, securing 18 out of 32 seats. Between September 8, 1939, and February 8, 1942, Bustamante was imprisoned by the governor of Jamaica, Sir Arthur Richards, under wartime emergency powers for incitement to riot for addressing a group of longshoremen on the Kingston waterfront. Although Bustamante lost the general elections of 1955 and 1959, he remained leader of the opposition in the Jamaican Parliament until 1962. [22] In 1966, an honorary LLD degree was conferred on him by the University of the West Indies. Alexander Bustamante is the 14,167th most popular politician (down from 12,831st in 2019), the 53rd most popular biography from Jamaica (down from 44th in 2019) and the 6th most popular Jamaican Politician. In 1940, he was imprisoned on charges of subversive activities. [26][27] His portrait graces the Jamaican one dollar coin. After Jamaica was granted independence in 1962, Bustamante served as the first Prime Minister until 1967.In April of 1963 he ordered the police and army to "Bring in all Rastas, dead or alive" [16] and over 150 Rastas were detained and a unknown number killed. Alexander Bustamante is known for his work on The Leap to Happiness (2009), Worms (2013) and Pintando América (2016). On January 23, 1939, he registered the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union over the opposition of the governor and others who declared that a union should not possess the name of an individual. Sir Alexander Bustamante was born William Alexander Clarke on February 24, 1884 in Blenheim, Hanover. His office was downstairs, and living quarters upstairs. After his return to Jamaica, Bustamante established himself as a money-lender in modest offices on Duke Street, then the desired cachet for all business addresses in Kingston. 1 Biography; Study Pack. On this day in Jamaican history, the Right Honorable Sir Alexander Bustamante, the first Prime Minister of Jamaica, was born. Manley and released from prison in 1943, Bustamante founded the Jamaica Labour Party the same year. Sir Alexander Bustamante, circa 1960. [6][7], Bustamante's first term as unofficial leader of the government was dogged by controversy. [14] The true power was held by his deputy, Donald Sangster.[18]. Coombs' JWU became the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union (BITU) after the revolt, and Bustamante became known as "The Chief".[4]. His birth name was William Alexander Clarke. Sir Alexander Bustamante (1884–1977), "Jamaica's National Heroes: Their Legacy 50 Years Later", "Sir Alexander Bustamante, 94, Jamaican Leader, Dies", "Sweet & dandy - The history of Jamaican sweets". He/She was Communications Minister from 1943 to 1953 and Prime Minister of … Alexander Bustamante is lid van Facebook. [1] Robert Constantine Clarke, was the half-brother of Margaret Ann Manley, nee Shearer, who was the mother of Norman Washington Manley. FIRST PRIME MINISTER Aug. 6, 1962 – Feb. 27, 1967. Excellent Sir William Alexander Bustamante and the Rt. Alyssa Bustamante was born on January 28, 1994 in Cole, Missouri to drug-addict parents. Bustamante described himself as a dietician and businessman with North American experience, but while he might have returned with some wealth to the island, his formal training and experience were mostly his own fantastic fabrication. If you can improve it, please do . Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante was one of Jamaica's national heroes and the first prime minister of independent Jamaica. The 1949 Jamaican general election was much closer. Along with his cousin, Norman Washington Manley, he is considered one of the founding fathers of modern Jamaica. The constitution of the union made Bustamante president for life, with unrestricted control of its finances. In the 1944 Jamaican general election, Bustamante's party won 22 of 32 seats in the first House of Representatives elected by universal suffrage. Two seats were won by independents. The PNP secured a wider margin of victory, taking 29 seats to the JLP's 16. "[31] The candy is also nicknamed Busta. The Jamaican Legislative Council became the upper house, or Senate, of the bicameral Parliament. Bustamante was considered a "buster", "a champion of the common man and tough article. He wrote on many subjects, but most had to do with the conditions of the lower orders of the working classes and the political ineptness of the local administrators. Biografía Alexander Bustamante And Modern Jamaica book. William Alexander Clarke Bustamante (Hanover, 24 de febrero de 1884-Kingston, 6 de agosto de 1977) fue un sindicalista y político jamaicano. Bustamante is the surname which he formally adopted in September 1944, although he had been using that name regularly since the 1920s. Alexander Bustamante and Modern Jamaica Paperback – Illustrated, December 1, 1995 by George E. Eaton (Author) 4.5 out of 5 ... Out of the vision of HANDS came the idea to write this biography so that Jamaicans would know the origin and purpose of the National Anthem as presented through the life and work of Father Sherlock. Bustamante virtually single-handedly destroyed the West Indian Federation, established in 1958 to unify and order the political evolution of the English West Indian territories. Bustamante was commended in 1955 for his public services in Jamaica. Biography of sir Alexander Bustamante (1884-1977) Politician and Jamaican industrial, in 1938 he/she founded the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union, and in 1943 the Jamaica labour party. [17] In 1965, after suffering a stroke, he withdrew from active participation in public life. By virtue of the second marriage of Elsie Hunter, his paternal grandmother, to Alexander Shearer, he became distantly related to both Norman Washington Manley and Michael Manley, as well as to Hugh Shearer— all of whom were to be chief ministers or prime ministers of Jamaica. "Bad Friday: Rastafari After Coral Gardens dir. In 1947 he was arrested with Frank Pixley and put on trial for manslaughter at the courthouse in Port Maria. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. His decision not to participate in the federation and to orchestrate the Jamaican opposition to it in a 1961 referendum led to the demise of the federation in 1962, the year in which Bustamante's party, riding the crest of its successful campaign to withdraw Jamaica from the federation, won the general elections once more and made Bustamante the prime minister of independent Jamaica. He was married four times. Bustamante died in 1977 at the Irish Town Hospital and was buried in the National Heroes Park in Kingston.[28][29]. He became the unofficial government leader, representing his party as Minister for Communications. The Right Excellent Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante GBE (24 February 1884 – 6 August 1977) was a Jamaican politician and labour leader who became the first prime minister of Jamaica. He served 4 years in office. His Jamaica Labor Party won re-election in the national elections of 1949 with a reduced parliamentary representation. In 1943, Bustamante founded the Jamaica Labour Party(JLP), and was also its first leader. His mother, Mary Wilson, descended from the sturdy, independent Black peasantry of rural Hanover.
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